Executive summary – Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions – …
Sodium-ion batteries provide less than 10% of EV batteries to 2030 and make up a growing share of the batteries used for energy storage because they use less expensive materials and do not use lithium, resulting in production costs that can be 30% less than LFP batteries. Beyond 2030, battery costs are likely to decline further, and solid-state batteries are on track to be …