Battery heating for lithium-ion batteries based on multi-stage ...
According to the principle of conservation of energy, the battery temperature evolution can be expressed as (1) d T d t · c p · m = h · S c e l l · (T − T a) where t is the test time, h is the heat transfer coefficient between the tested battery and its ambient, T a is the ambient temperature that is maintained at -20 °C, and m, T, c p and S …